The Help of Shell in the Niger Delta Region Essay

The Help of Shell in the Niger Delta Region TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction Shell is a group of oil and petrol companies. The parent company is Royal Dutch Shell, based in Britain, is a multinational corporation (MNC). The group of companies is active in countries all over the world, including Nigeria. The Federal Republic of Nigeria is extremely rich in oil resources. Rightly so, their business-connection goes back over fifty years. Likewise, a Shell company, the Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria (SPDC), is the largest oil and gas operator in Nigeria. Nigeria is a developing country; therefore Shell has been active in giving to the community. Over the past decades, they have tried different strategies. The company†¦show more content†¦Nigeria, The Niger Delta and the Nigerian Government Nigeria might be rich in resources; its population lives in poverty. With a Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) of .31, it was ranked number 157 out of the 186 United Nations (UN) member states in 2012. Also, according to the World Bank, the poverty headcount ratio was 68%, meaning this part of the population lived with less than $1.25 a day in 2010. The Niger Delta is one of the nine states of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. It counts about 20 million people and around 70 000 km ² of land. The region is one of the most prominent wetlands in the world. Oil has produced about $600 billion since the 1960’s. Despite its wealth in resources, the majority of the people live under poor conditions. To counter this poverty, the Nigerian government has set up several commissions in the past. The most prominent are the Oil Mineral Producing Areas Development Commission (OMPADEC) and the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC). The OMPADEC was established in 1993 and focused on the development of the Niger Delta Region (NDR). It however failed due to factors as corruption, mismanagement and non-sufficient funding. Hereafter, the NDDC was to replace the OMPADEC. It would create socio-economic development in the NDR. The NDDC set up various projects in the region. However, due to the poor structure of the organisation and inadequate funding the NDDC haveShow MoreRelatedThe Niger Delta And The Oil Companies1576 Words   |  7 PagesThe Niger Delta is a region of Nigeria that is very rich in crude oil and gas. Crude oil and gas make up 70% of the country s revenue and 95% of it s export earnings (Ezekoli, 5608). Those percentages are incredibly high and represents large amounts of money that can be found in the region. However, the people of the Niger Delta never see the wealth that comes from their natural resources. The wealth instead goes to the oil companies set up in the area as well as the pockets of a few elite governmentRead MoreCorruption In Nigeria Essay examples1156 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, corruption is prevalent in the Niger delta region of Nigeria; public officers in this oil producing state of Nigeria are corrupt. Consequently, it has defied the Niger delta from developing politically and economically which has left the states reputation in a mess. Radicalization of youths, abject poverty and -political instability are the three leading effects of corruption in the Niger delta region of Nigeria. Corruption in the Niger delta region of Nigeria has led to abject povertyRead MoreImpact Of The Nigerian Presidential Amnesty Program1723 Words   |  7 Pagesa local form of Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR), on crude oil production in Nigeria. The President of Nigeria announced the program on June 25th, 2009 which aimed to put an end to the insurgency crisis experienced in the Niger Delta region, particularly between 2006 - 2009 which had led to an average loss of about 650,000 barrels of crude oil per day (cited in Asuni, 2009) and which had major implications for the government s revenue. Militants were given the opportunity forRead MoreNigerian Development : The Face Of Oil Extraction And How Mncs Such As Shell Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pagesthe largest amounts of oil like the Niger Delta happen to be the country’s most economically marginalized region. A significant impetus of these tumultuous changes has been multinational oil corporations lik e Shell that have been extracting oil in Nigeria since 1956. This paper seeks to examine Nigerian development in the face of oil extraction and how MNCs such as Shell have played a role in the country’s development. I will argue that MNCs, specifically Shell, have had an adverse effect on developmentRead MoreOil Production Of Nigeria s Niger Essay1300 Words   |  6 PagesFinal TNC paper Oil production in Nigeria’s Niger Delta began in 1956. Ever since then, the Delta communities have recognized unrest as oil was being distributed in profitable quantities. Oil has been Nigeria’s leading export product for more than six decades. Even though, oil has given Nigeria a tremendous economic boost, nearly sixty percent of that oil production has been carried out under Shell’s regulation, and during these past six decades, there has been enormous environmental degradationRead MoreAssessment Of Shell s Corporate Social Responsibility1367 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: Assessment of shell’s corporate social responsibility in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria Executive Summary Oil for over a decade has been the main source of income for the Nigerian economy. It accounts for more than 70% of export.The Niger Delta region of Nigeria has been plagued with different negative effects of oil exploration. The environment, economy and even quality of human life have been greatly affected. This has created a lack of trust between the inhabitants and the oil companiesRead MoreEssay on Shell Nigeria1322 Words   |  6 Pages Shell Nigeria nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In 1958 the Royal Dutch/Shell Group started drilling for, transporting and refining oil in Nigeria. Nigeria’s large supply of high quality crude oil helped Shell climb to the top, by 1994 Shell made more money than other company in the world. Everything changed for Shell in 1996 when the world became aware of their unethical business practices in Nigeria. Shell had raped the environment, violated human rights of the Nigerian people and manipulated localRead More Blood, Sweat, Tears and Oil: The mistreatment of the Ogoni People by Royal Dutch Shell4806 Words   |  20 PagesBlood, Sweat, Tears and Oil: The mistreatment of the Ogoni People by Royal Dutch Shell and the Nigerian Government Introduction Nigeria, located in West Africa, is a densely populated nation of over 100 million people. Since the nation’s independence from Britain in 1960, the country has been in the hands of various leaders ranging from religious to staunchly militant. Nigeria is the sixth largest producer of crude oil in the world and it has one of the largest deposits of natural gas (WiwaRead MoreThe Giant Bomu Oil Field Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pages Bodo West, and Ebubu. These fields have a current production potential of 28000 barrels per day which is about 3% of Shell PDC’s crude production The petroleum sector began to add significant role and shape to the Nigerian economy and the political arena and destiny of the country in the early 1060s. However, when Nigeria became an independent nation in 1st October 1960, Shell – BP began to give out its acreage and its exploration licenses were converted in to prospecting licenses that allowedRead MoreThe Culture Of The Niger Delta Region Of Southern Nigeria1200 Words   |  5 Pagesnative non-western cultures that have been impacted by globalization. The Ogoni culture indigenous non-western culture in the Niger Delta region of southern Nigeria attained influence from the oil industry (Unknown, UNPO, 2009). In 1956, after World War II, Shell Oil Company from Britain began searching for oil deposits in new territory, with discovery of oil in the Niger Delta, Nigeria (Unknown, UNPO, 2009). Prior to the globalization of the oil industry, the Ogoni culture, had a culture of tradition

Essay about Life and Work of Leonardo da Vinci - 1111 Words

Life and Work of Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci had a powerful mind and was a very curious and daring boy. Leonardo was so curious about flying, he jumped off a barn with wings that he made by himself. Leonardo loved nature and exploring. He would also like to draw geometrical shapes. Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452 in Vinci, Italy. Vinci was a farming community with hillsides, growing grapes, fruit trees and olives. His mother was a peasant woman and his father was a notary. He was often alone, exploring and experimenting in the hills and other areas of his home. This gave him a bond and a love of nature that is reflected in all his art and sculpture. As a teenager, Leonardo was apprenticed to an artist and sculptor,†¦show more content†¦In 1514s to 1516 Leonardo lived in Rome, and built both toys and machines. He studied optics and tried to make large round mirrors, like the ones used in telescopes. Craftsmen in Leonardos time knew how to use and repair familiar machines. Leonardo figured if he could understand how each machine part worked; he could use these parts to make new machines. He was also interested in botany, human anatomy, and used animal parts from a butcher shop to study. He also tried to dissect a human corpse, but got in trouble with the Catholic Church because it was considered a sin. But he was able to develop a model of how the human heart works. In 1514s to 1516 Leonardo lived in Rome, and built both toys and machines. He studied optics and tried to make large round mirrors, like the ones used in telescopes. Craftsmen in Leonardos time knew how to use and repair familiar machines. Leonardo figured if he could understand how each machine part worked; he could use these parts to make new machines. Leonardo made sketches and plans of things like a tank, helicopters, a plane, and an arithmetic machine. These are common machines in our lives. His early thinking about the arithmetic machine was the start of things that came after it like the abacus, the slide rule, the adding machine, the calculator and finally the computer. Leonardo da Vinci wrote in a way that no one else did. He used a techniqueShow MoreRelatedThe Life and Work of Leonardo da Vinci Essay597 Words   |  3 PagesLeonardo da Vinci was born on April 15th, 1452 in Vinci, Italy (which is just outside of Florence). Da Vinci was an illegitimate son of a twenty-five year old notary, Ser Piero, and a peasant girl, Caterina. Leonardo’s father took custody of him a short time after birth. His mother, however, married someone else and moved. They kept having children, but not with each other. Sooner or later, Leonardo da Vinci had seventeen half brothers and sisters. While Leonardo was growing up in his father’s homeRead MoreThe Da Vinci Code By Dan Brown1304 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Learn how to see. Realize that everything connects to everything else.†(Balt, 2013). This is a quote by Leonardo da Vinci and states one of his main ideas; knowledge will open your mind to new ideas and helps you learn about the past. A book that represents this quote, is the Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown. This book is the thrilling story of Robert Langdon and Sophie Neveu in their hunt to solve the dying wish of Sophie’s grandfather. Not only does it contain a fantastic storyline, it also is fullRead MoreAnalysis of Da Vincis Work as Being Reflective and Definitive of the Renaissance Period948 Words   |  4 PagesLeonardo Da Vinci and the Renaissance Period Objective The objective of this work examines the how Leonardo Da Vincis work is reflective and definitive of the Renaissance period and as well, describes some of Da Vincis art. This work will discuss the use of line, form, color, texture, and materials as found within one of his works and will state reasons this time period was chosen to examine in this work and why it is found to be appealing. Introduction Leonardo Da Vince was born April 15,Read More Leonardo Da Vinci Essay823 Words   |  4 PagesLeonardo Da Vinci A Renaissance man in Renaissance times, Leonardo Da Vinci frequently defied a simple description. As a scientist, inventor, artist, and so much more, Leonardo Da Vinci’s works continue to impact our lives even now. Born on April 15th, 1452 in Anchiano (now a part of Italy), Leonardo came into a world on the brink of change. The Italian renaissance was sweeping through the peninsula during Da Vinci’s lifetime and he would soon come to be one of its foremost figures. WhileRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci And His Contributions To Western Civilization1200 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Leonardo da Vinci and His Contributions to Western Civilization Leonardo da Vinci is one of the most famous artists to have ever lived, and his contributions to the development of western civilization are irrefutable. Born on April 15, 1452, near Florence, Italy, one would not have guessed that he was destined for a life of greatness. He was the illegitimate child of an up-and-coming notary and a peasant girl, and he spent most of his childhood with his doting father (â€Å"Da Vinci - The RenaissanceRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci : The Leading Renascence Man Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesTimothy Long Professor Sharoff Western Civilization 12/14/15 Leonardo Da Vinci: The leading Renascence Man Known as one of the smartest men of his time and one of the most well-known human beings in history having excelled in all fields in human talents as he was very multi-talented which is correct as he was one of the most talented people ever to live and was even called the universal genius. His talents and curiosity included engineering, anatomy, literature, geology, mathematics, paintingRead MoreThe Greatness Of Leonardo Da Vinci Essay910 Words   |  4 Pages The Greatness of Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci is known as one of the greatest artiest and scientist of our time. He was a famous artist, architect, musician and scientist. He was one of the first to take a scientific style towards understanding how our world works and how we see it. While critically influenced by the writings of the ancient Greeks and Romans, Leonardo, unlike many of his colleagues, saw the limitations of seeking the truth solely in those writings or the Bible (Leonardo’sRead MoreHumanism : Leonardo Da Vinci And The Renaissance1459 Words   |  6 PagesHumanism is the belief that man has dignity and worth, therefore, the life on Earth should be cherished rather than just simply endured. This philosophy or intellectual movement initiated the Renaissance. During the middle ages, elements of daily life were strictly structured around the church and religion. However, toward the beginning of the 14th century, the power of the Church began to significantly decline. This was sparked by the Bubonic plague. The plague was viewed as a punishment fromRead MoreThe Great Artists And Inventors During The 15th And 16th Century1263 Words   |  6 Pagesnone of them are not as great or as known as Leonardo Da Vinci. Leonardo Da Vinci’s intelligence allowed him to create and invent things that none of the other inventors could make or even think of. Da Vinci painted some of the most magnificent and priceless paintings such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. Da Vinci was also an inventor; he would write down all of his ideas and test some of the out. Some of these inventions play a big part of life today; these inventions include the airplane,Read MoreLeonardo Da Vinci : A Renaissance Man1112 Words   |  5 PagesLeonardo da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and military engineer which is the perfect example of a â€Å"Renaissance man.† With a curious mind, da Vinci studied the laws of science and nature, which greatly informed his work. His ideas and body of work have influenced countless artists and made da Vinci a great influence of the Italian Renaissance. Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452, near the village of Vinci about 25 miles west of Florence. He was the illegitimate son

Unpacking The Standards Annotated Bibliography - 3693 Words

UNPACKING THE STANDARDS CCSS Standard: 2.RI.9 Standard : 2.RI.9- Compare and contrast the most important points presented by two text on the same topic. Prerequisite Skills Describe the authors reasoning by finding support within the text Identify and recognize basic similarities and differences in two text with the same topic Identify the most important points in the text Integrate visual information to clarify understanding Understand how illustration help explain the text Key Terms (vocabulary) Definition Student-friendly language Author Text Images Diagram Author is a person who writes an original literary work. Text is the actual wording of a authors book. Images are a representation of someone or something. A diagram is a sketch that outlines a plan. Person who writes the story or book Main part of the book Picture of someone or something A drawing. Key Verbs (skills) Definition Student-friendly language Communicate Clarify Comparing Contrasting Describe Identify Integrate Recognize Understand To make known To make clearer To speak of as similar To note the difference To explain To establish as the same To unify To experience someone or something To comprehend To talk To explain To represent as similar To know the difference To tell To recognize To make into a whole To identify To realize â€Å"I Can† statements in student-friendly language †¢ I can compare the main parts from two

An Alternate Ending to the Novel; 1984. - 1441 Words

Winston walked down the sidewalk, a sense of apathy after his encounter with O’Brian in room 101 on several occasions, a sense of love; apathetic, emotionless love, for Big Brother. Winston did not remember what had happened in Room 101, nor how long he had been there for. Winston headed towards the park where he would meet the dark-haired girl he knew as Julia. Winston had an unexplainable emotion trapped inside his conscious, wanting to break free. Winston stopped for a moment to look up at a poster. The poster read: â€Å"Victory† with an enlarged picture of Big Brother on it. Winston immediately thinks of the war we are fighting; the war with Eurasia. It has always been Eurasia, he knew that. Winston arrives at the park, dully as if this†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Julia what does two plus two equal?† â€Å"Four, of course† â€Å"Good† Winston thinks of rebelling against The Party. Destroying the dishonest scriptures, the fake news reports, the lying, the abusing, the government. â€Å"Julia, what do you say to ending O’Brian?† â€Å"How would we do it?† â€Å"Just like he did to us.† Winston continues to explain the scheme to trap O’Brien and defeat him at his own game. First Winston and Julia must attempt to get captured in order to get close to O’Brian. Julia and Winston return to the district and enter Winston’s room. They begin carving on the back wall directly in the Telescreens’ line of sight. Ten or so minutes later, the wall reads â€Å"DOWN WITH O’BRIEN†. Soon enough the thought police advance and knock down the door. Winston whispers to Julia â€Å"Play along† Winston screams: â€Å"No, not back to that ministry, anywhere but there!† Julia kicks and screams, but their strength dominates. Julia and Winston awake in a cell, tied next to each other. The deadening, filthy, horrid cell inside the Ministry of Love. Winston focuses and regains full concentration. He shakes Julia and brings her to the identical state as himself. They both look at each other, with determination to finish things forever. Winston’s screams: â€Å"We wish to see O’Brian!† The sounds of loud, heavy boots make their way toward the door of the cell. The troop grabs Winston and Julia and a voice over the income says â€Å"Room 101†. Fear was runningShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Totalitarian Government In George Orwells 19841803 Words   |  8 PagesIgnorance is strength† (Orwell). This may seem like a list of paradoxes, useless and arbitrary in the context of any government. But, these three statements help establish the foundation of the world in the novel 1984 by George Orwell. The novel is set in an alternate version of the year 1984, imagined by Orwell in the 1940s. The world had split into three superstates: Oceania, Eurasia, and Eastasia. The main character, Winston Smith, lives in Oceania where the entire superstate is run by an allRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By Winston Smith2218 Words   |  9 Pages1984: A Summary As 1984 opens, Winston Smith is coming home from his job at the Ministry of Truth, providing the reader with a view of the world around him as he walks to his house. After his arrival, he reveals a diary he had brought from a small store and proceeds to write in it, though he knows that revealing his thoughts in such a manner was likely to get him killed. However, despite the heightened threat in his small betrayal, life proceeds as seems to be normal for Winston. He goes to hisRead MoreShould Occupational Science be Guided by a Universal Paradigm?2889 Words   |  12 Pagesbetween concepts (Jaccard Jacoby, 2011). A theory is only useful when it acts as an appropriate guide and may not always be relevant (Jaccard Jacoby, 2011). Social constructionism identifies the relative nature of knowledge and the potential for alternate perspectives (Gabe Monaghan). Social constructionist arguments maintain that perceived truths are influenced by hegemonic power (Lupton, 2000). Hegemony is the process by which the ideals of a dominant group become seen as social norms. It involvesRead MoreIs Maurice a Hopelessly Flawed Text?3912 Words   |  16 PagesIs â€Å"Maurice† a hopelessly flawed text, or a thoughtful adaptation of the novel form to the subject matter and a strong intervention in debates of the time? E.M Forster dedicated his novel â€Å"Maurice† to a â€Å"happier year†, affirming his intention of the novel’s purpose as an insight into the future evolution of sexual desire and relationships, leading some to attach significance to the text as a protagonist of controversial debate of the time . Forster delayed publication of Maurice for 57 yearsRead MoreScientific Thinking, Economic Reasoning and Their Applications in the Caribbean1758 Words   |  8 Pagesconclusions are derived. Utilized in science for the main purpose of knowledge development about the external world, reasoning â€Å"is often characterized as the means by which one attempts to arrive at true or at least ‘rationally justified’ beliefs.† (Giere 1984, 24) In establishing such beliefs, however, the truthfulness of a statement may not be achieved. Scientific inquiry is shaped by moral, culture and social values and therefore the truthfulness of statements and beliefs of statements may not be associatedRead MoreMorgan Le Fay5287 Words   |  22 Pagestimeless fairy island when Britain is in need of him. Marian Zimmer Bradley rescues Morgan le Fay from the Medieval sources, and tells the story from Morgan’s own point of view, as recently seen in the excellent movie, The Mists of Avalon, based on her novel. Celtic Story Morgan was a Celtic Queen. One of the definitions of the name Morgan is â€Å"Great Queen† (Mohr Righan), which may have been an ancient royal title. The early Celts were matriarchal, and during the transition from matriarch to patriarchyRead MoreChrysanthemum Cineraiifolium23103 Words   |  93 Pagesdefinition of a â€Å"team† also distinguishes it from similar constructs. Teams are distinct from workgroups, understood simply as two or more people who interact frequently and maintain some interdependence within some unspecified time frame (McGrath, 1984; cited in Webber and Klimoski, 2004). Moreover, teams are recognized by members and non-members as â€Å"a social entity†, rooted within an organizational context (Devine, 2002). Groups, on the other hand, are not always recognized in this way, nor areRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagesenvironment. A basic premise of thinking about strategy concerns the inseparability of organiza tion and environment. . . . The organization uses strategy to deal with changing environments. †¢ The substance of strategy is complex. Because change brings novel combinations of circumstances to the organization, the substance of strategy remains unstructured, unprogrammed, nonroutine, and nonrepetitive †¢ Strategy affects overall welfare of the organization. ... Strategic decisions . . . are consideredRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesthe recent past, management accounting has not only seen changes within existing domains of the Weld but has also witnessed extensions outside its established realms of activity. Wider systemic transformations including changes in political regimes, novel conceptions of management controls, the impact of globalizing forces on commercial aVairs, shifts in notions of eVective knowledge management, governance, and ethics, and technological advances, including the rise of broadband, have all impacted managementRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesforces and processes that were arguably essential components 2 †¢ INTRODUCTION of two epochs we routinely set apart as centuries suggests the need for flexibility in demarcating phases of world history, and for determining beginnings and endings that accord with major shifts in political and socioeconomic circumstances and dynamics rather than standard but arbitrary chronological break points. In the decades that followed the Great War, the victorious European powers appeared to have restored

Presentation on the Kimpton Hotel’s Eco-friendly Initiative Free Essays

The key elements of the Kimpton Hotels Earth Care Program are outlined in its eco-mission statement. These include â€Å"company-wide commitment towards water conservation; reduction of energy usage; reduction of energy usage; elimination of harmful toxins and pollutants; recycling of all reusable waste; building and furnishing hotels with sustainable materials; and purchasing goods and services that directly supports these principles† (Murray and Thomas 2005). It should be noted that all of these elements should be implemented in order to attain the goal of the Earth Care program. We will write a custom essay sample on Presentation on the Kimpton Hotel’s Eco-friendly Initiative or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, aside from these direct efforts that the company must engage in, it is also recognize that a key element in embarking in the program is the communication strategy which is used internally and externally. Inside the business organization, it is very essential to align the company’s workforce in this new strategy by letting them know and giving them an active role for the implementation of the program. In the part of the external stakeholders, Kimpton also had to communicate its eco-friendly efforts and their advantages. Is there a `business case` for the Earth Care Program? There is a strong business case for the Earth Care Program. It should be noted that implementing this eco-friendly strategy will benefit Kimpton in the long run. Looking at the current trend in the business environment, it becomes notable that most companies not only in the hotel industry are becoming more and more active in the preservation of the environment by supporting sustainable development efforts and by establishing a â€Å"greener† image. It should be noted that company image is now a more serious issue than the product itself. Consumers are becoming more and more concerned about the influences of a business organization to communities and environment. Also, the Earth Care Program is consistent with the corporate social responsibility effort of Kimpton which is very much important in the global business arena nowadays. Can you describe the costs and benefits associated with the Earth Care Program? The Earth Care Program conveys various benefits to Kimpton Hotels. One of the most obvious advantages is the huge potential improvement in the bottom line of the company. The efforts of the company to become more eco-friendly also implies shifting from less energy and resources consuming processes which will definitely push down the level of costs. The company’s effort of eliminating toxic substances will also benefit employees who are handling these chemicals on a daily basis. It should be noted that toxic substances often have detrimental effects to the person handling them and eliminating this can possibly improve the sense of well being of employees and make them more productive. The Earth Care Program also posts opportunities to Kimpton as it will now belong to the list of eco-friendly hotels which are highly preferred by government organizations. In some ways, customers can perceive the eco-friendly image as a new attraction which can generate more revenue for the company. However, the company also faces the challenges involved in this new strategy. First, the Earth Care Program requires monetary investment which should be financed long before any cost benefit is attained. Kimpton Hotel also needs to align its entire chain with the effort thus necessitating negotiation and giving out the risk of rejection from local managers who feel threatened by the new system. Third, the company needs to pay more for the organic materials which are needed to make hotels eco-friendly. As the case states, these costs are very high compared to the traditional materials. Are there risks to the company with this program? The company is facing a huge risk in implementing the Earth Care Program. First, Kimpton Hotel is not sure whether this program will be perceived by customers as value-adding. Experience of the customers are seen to be indirectly related with the materials or equipments used in delivering services. Since the benefits of the program are not reaped in the short-run, the company also takes in the risk of possible change in consumer taste before cost savings are realized. If in the long run, customers perceive that eco-friendly efforts are not important, then Kimpton runs the risk of not benefiting from its investment. Lastly, the Earth Care Program threatens the autonomy of local branches which can make employees hesitant in implementing changes. What is the weakness of the Kimpton Hotel? The autonomy of the branches of the Kimpton Hotel can be perceived both as a strength and weakness of the organization. On the positive side, the decentralized operation facilitates fast decision making and customization. However, Kimpton Hotel is having difficulty in implementing company-wide strategies because possible rejection from its branches. It should also be noted that as each hotel is unique, integrating them to join the Earth Care Program is quite hard. The difference in the values of each branch also makes it difficult for them to pursue a single strategy. What might work in a branch might not necessarily have the same effect on another. References Silverman, M Thomas, T. 2005, â€Å"Kimpton Hotels: Balancing Strategy and Environmental Sustainability.† San Francisco State University, USA How to cite Presentation on the Kimpton Hotel’s Eco-friendly Initiative, Essay examples

Chinese Medicine And Menopause Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Chinese Medicine And Menopause. Answer: Understanding Concepts: Menopause and Symptoms: Menopause of the permanent stoppage of menstrual cycle due to a reduction of hormone levels in the blood. This generally happens at ages between 49 to 52 years, due to the depletion of oocytes in the ovary, thereby causing the depletion of ovarian steroidal hormones (Follicle Stimulating Hormone or FSH and Leutinizing Hormone or LH). Surgical removal of ovaries (or oophrectomy), fallopian tubes or uterus (or hysterectomy) can also cause menopause. The changes in the bleeding pattern during transition to menopause reflects the change in the levels of FSH and Inhibin B, and can be an indicator of the onset of menopause (Garcia et al., 2005). The symptoms include hot flushes (lasting 30 seconds to 10 minutes), accompanied by shivering, sweating and redness of the skin. The hormonal fluctuation can also cause changes in mood (anxiety, irritability depression), behavior and sleeping patterns. Additional symptoms can include vaginal dryness, weakening of bladder muscles. Menopause also can place post menopausal wemen at risk of developing osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and elevated risks of stroke or heart attack (www.nichd.nih.gov, 2017). Traditional Chinese Medications: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a style of treatment based on 2500 years of traditional medical practice, and includes herbal medication, acupuncture, cupping, or moxabustion. The therapy is essentially based on the idea of the circulation (via various meridians) of the vital energy of the body, known as chi or qi, and targets to change the flow of the energy to treat diseases (Lao, Xu and Xu, 2012). It should however be noted that traditional medications rejects the concept of randomized trials with placebo control or double blind experiment, on the ethics that placebo should not be administered to a sick patient (Oshima et al., 2015). This undermines the criticality of placebos in trial. Studies by Hall et al., 2015, on genetics and placebo effect, shows genetic predisposition of the subjects can change the placebo effects and is a complex interplay between the placebo and molecular pathways of the drug. Which means, different people can respond differently to the same drug, and a placebo acts as a contol group for the test. Increasing body of evidences in the field of neuroscience suggests that the placebo effect is inclusive of different phenomenon that can explain the efficacy of therapeutic treatment which can affect the perception of the symptoms associated with a disease (Lucas Booth, 2014). Herbal Medication utilizes various herbs administered orally, via medications. Herbs contains different alkaloids, that can have biomedical properties, and can be utilized to manage symptoms. Acupuncture method uses thin metal needles inserted through the skin, through specific points, and can be used to treat chronic pain (Vickers 2014). Moxabustion is a kind of heat therapy, and uses dried plant materials (moxa) burned close to the skin surface, which is supposed to rejuvenate the flow of vital energy. Cupping method uses glass cups, placed on the skin by vacuum suction, which is created by burning of cotton kept in the cup. The vacuum inside the cup is supposed to regulate the flow of the vital energy. Herbal Products and Management of Menopausal Symptoms: Studies by Rhonda et al. on the usage and efficacy of hermal medication (like phytoestrogens, St Johns wort, ginseng and ginkgo) to provide relief from menopausal symptoms, published on the Journal or Wemens Health (Vol 12, November 7th, 2003), done on 462 women aged between 40-55 (35.5% African American, 60.2% Caucasian) shows the following results: A) Patients who experience the common symptoms, tend to use herbal products that are known to reduce the symptoms. B) 68% of the users said the herbs improved the symptoms. C) Wemen who were administered phytoestrogens showed more likelihood, than non users to report sadness or depression, faster heartbeat, hot flushes, itching and irritability, along with pain in the muscles or joints, loss of sexual interest, loss of memory, night sweat, dryness of vagina, fatigue and weakness. D) Users of St Johns wort has higer incidence of developing sadness or depression, sleep difficulty, night sweat accompanied by fatigue and weakness. E) Users o f gengko or ginseng mostly reported only one symptom- night sweats. F) Most of the herb users showed curiosity about the herbal products that can help their symptoms. G) 50% of the test subjects believed that the herbs work (Johnson et al., 2000). Sirotkin and Harrath (2014) suggested that phytoestrogens can have an effect on different types of physiological as well as pathological processes (reproduction. Remodeling of bones, epithelial, nervous, cardiovascular and immune systems, and metabolism). This can make phytoestrogens and useful for various types of treatament like for menopausal symptoms, aeginf og skin, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular or immune disorders. The phytoestrogens are estrogens derived from plant, they are less potent than estradiol but can still bind to estrogen receptors thereby functioning as antagonist or agonists of natural estrogens (Lagari Levis, 2014). However, caution must be taken while using phytoestrogens, since they act as endocrine disruptors, and can have either deletrous effect of reproduction or beneficial effect for patients with steroid deficiency (Bennetau-Pelissero 2016). Overall, phytoestrogens appears to alleviate the hot flush frequency experienced by post menopausa l wemen (Chen, Lin Liu, 2015). Acupuncture and the treatment of Post Menopausal symptoms: Baccetti et al., (2014) experimentally concluded that acupuncture, integrated with diet therapy and Tuins self message reduced the occurance of hot flushes significantly, and slightly alleviated other symptoms like sleep disorders, irritability, depression, tightness of chest and pain in the bones. This type of therapy can be used for women for whom Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT) cannot be adopted for oncological risks or due to an ongoing or recently diagnosed oncological pathology. Extreme precaution must however be taken to prevent the usage of infected needles, thereby causing sepsis, as studies done by Horibe and Constantine (2016), shows. Also, studies by Abdo, Kha and Bhardwaj (2016) shows that Acupuncture therapy can can cause pheumothorax as a possible complication in rare cases. Additional complications can include syncope or dizziness, vomiting or nausea, epilepsy, reduced movement of bowels, artrioventricular blockage, Bells palsy aggeravion, factitial panniculitis, g alatorrhea, minor pain, aphonia and vasovagal reaction (Chan et al., 2017). However, no deaths have ever been reported. Du et al., concludes that a combination of Chinese herbal medication with acupuncture can provide the same resultas hormonal therapy, and works beter than only herbal treatment, and can be effective for women who cannot opt for hormonal therapy. As per the World Health Organization, acupuncture and moxibustion can be used for pain management, substance abuse, organic lesions, psychiatric and neurological issues, and gynecological disorders (De De 2015). Moxibustion and the treatment of Post Menopausal symptoms: Moxibustion have shown to be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of hot flushes in peromenopausal and postmenopausal wemen (Park et al. 2009). However the research still recommends the usage od larger sample and inclusion of placebo control for further studies, which potentially undermines the veracity of the study. A novel sham moxibustion pillars can be used to provide placebo-control in moxibustion research, thereby fulfilling the need for the double blind protocol (Zhao et al., 2006). This treatment can also provide positive results for treating primary osteoporosis (POP), however the efficacy could not be concluded definitely (Xu et al., 2017). Sudies have also shown that Moxibustion used with Electroacupuncture can be used to treat psychiatric conditions, as they can have an antidepressive action by the regulation of HPA axis as well as affect the hippocampus and influence the dipaminergic and serotonergic systems of the body (Kim et al., 2017). Cupping and the treatment of Post Menopausal symptoms: The earliest records for the usage of cupping dates back to the Greek historian Herodotus (400 BC), used for the treatment of headaches, appetite loss, digestion problems, fainting, narcolepsy, and abcesses. Dry and wet cupping techniques were commonly practiced using cups of glass, horn or brass (Mehta Dhapte, 2015). Adverse effects of cupping were reported in studies, but have been shown to be rare, and emphasizes the treatment be administered by only medical experts, and be compliant of the guidelines for safety (Kim et al., 2014). Also, a control of the negative pressure produced inside the cups can prevent negative effects like dermatitis bullae (Peng, How Bullae, 2013). Cupping can also decrease the ODI and VAS scores for LBP patients (Wang et al., 2017). References: Abdo, T., Kha, V., Bhardwaj, H., Youness, H. (2016). ID: 58: ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY, AN UNDERREPORTED CAUSE OF PNEUMOTHORAX. Baccetti, S., Da Fre, M., Becorpi, A., Faedda, M., Guerrera, A., Monechi, M. V., ... Parazzini, F. (2014). Acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine for hot flushes in menopause: a randomized trial.The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine,20(7), 550-557. Chan, M. W., Wu, X. Y., Wu, J. C., Wong, S. Y., Chung, V. C. (2017). Safety of Acupuncture: Overview of Systematic Reviews.Scientific Reports,7. Chen, M. N., Lin, C. C., Liu, C. F. (2015). Efficacy of phytoestrogens for menopausal symptoms: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Climacteric,18(2), 260-269. De, A., De, A. (2015). Acupuncture and Modern Medicine.Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies,3(1), 99-106. De, A., De, A. (2015). Acupuncture and Modern Medicine.Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies,3(1), 99-106. Du MSc, L., Bahrami-Taghanaki, H., Azizi, H. (2011). Menopause-related symptoms: traditional Chinese medicine vs hormone therapy.Alternative therapies in health and medicine,17(4), 48. Gracia, C. R., Sammel, M. D., Freeman, E. W., Lin, H., Langan, E., Kapoor, S., Nelson, D. B. (2005). Defining menopause status: creation of a new definition to identify the early changes of the menopausal transition.Menopause,12(2), 128-135. Hall, K. T., Loscalzo, J., Kaptchuk, T. J. (2015). Genetics and the placebo effect: the placebome.Trends in molecular medicine,21(5), 285-294. Horibe, K., Constantine, S. (2016, May). RISKS OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE: A CASE REPORT OF SEPSIS DUE TO MULTIPLE MSSA SUBCUTANEOUS ABSCESSES CAUSED BY INFECTED ACUPUNCTURE NEEDLES. InJOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE(Vol. 31, pp. S720-S721). 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA: SPRINGER. Kim, M., Choi, E. J., Kim, S. P., Kim, J. E., Park, H. J., Kim, A. R., ... Kim, J. H. (2017). Electroacupuncture plus moxibustion therapy for patients with major depressive disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Trials,18(1), 16. Kim, T. H., Kim, K. H., Choi, J. Y., Lee, M. S. (2014). Adverse events related to cupping therapy in studies conducted in Korea: a systematic review.European Journal of Integrative Medicine,6(4), 434-440. Lao, L., Xu, L., Xu, S. (2012). Traditional chinese medicine. InIntegrative pediatric oncology(pp. 125-135). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Lucas, V., Booth, S. (2014). The importance of placebo effects in enhancing palliative care interventions.BMJ supportive palliative care, bmjspcare-2013. Mehta, P., Dhapte, V. (2015). Cupping therapy: a prudent remedy for a plethora of medical ailments.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine,5(3), 127-134. Oshima, E., Wang, J., Stiles, B., Thurston, D. E., Rotella, D., Saw, C. L. L., ... Guccione, S. (2015).Traditional Chinese medicine: scientific basis for its use. Royal Society of Chemistry. Park, J. E., Lee, M. S., Jung, S., Kim, A., Kang, K., Choi, J., ... Choi, S. M. (2009). Moxibustion for treating menopausal hot flashes: a randomized clinical trial.Menopause,16(4), 660-665. Peng CZ, How CK. Bullae (2013) Secondary to Prolonged Cupping. The American Journal Medical Sciences; 346(1):65. Vickers, A. J., Linde, K. (2014). Acupuncture for chronic pain.Jama,311(9), 955-956. Wang, Y. T., Qi, Y., Tang, F. Y., Li, F. M., Li, Q. H., Xu, C. P., ... Sun, H. T. (2017). The effect of cupping therapy for low back pain: A meta-analysis based on existing randomized controlled trials.Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, (Preprint), 1-9. www.nichd.nih.gov. (2017).What are the symptoms of menopause?.Nichd.nih.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2017, from https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/menopause/conditioninfo/Pages/symptoms.aspx Xu, F., Huang, M., Jin, Y., Kong, Q., Lei, Z., Wei, X. (2017). Moxibustion treatment for primary osteoporosis: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.PloS one,12(6), e0178688. Zhao, B., Wang, X., Lin, Z., Liu, R., Lao, L. (2006). A novel sham moxibustion device: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Complementary therapies in medicine,14(1), 53-60.

A Greater Purpose By Challenging Courtly Love English Literature Essay free essay sample

Even though love has ever existed, the rules of baronial love continue to alter throughout clip. In the Middle Ages, everyone became enamored with the topic of love. Courtly love administered relationships, ordering precisely how love should be pursued and fulfilled. This belief changed literature, making a whole new genre devoted to gallant knights puting off on brave journeys and chases in order to gain the love of an attractive adult female, sooner a baronial 1. Realistically though, non everyone in this clip period was an admirable knight or even a gorgeous virtuous miss, so the Gawain poet, and Geoffrey Chaucer explore a universe in which the regulations of Platonic love are frequently broken. Through the usage of sarcasm and sarcasm, the Gawain poet discusses the outlooks of blue love through his visit to the Green Knight s palace and the ironically known Chaucer satirizes the rules of courtly love in The Wife of Bath s Tale in order to expose the true world of courtly love ou t of the fairy narrative kingdom. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Gawain is portrayed as the cliche , esteemed knight who courageously keeps his word and demonstrates the features of courtly love at the beginning of the narrative. His repute spreads throughout the full state, which is the ground to why he s so good acknowledged at the Green Knight s family. Lady Bertillon, who is clearly seen as the enchantress of this narrative, particularly longed to look on the knight ( pg. 134, line 941 ) , desiring to stare at his fine-looking face and hear keen words of love affair as was expected from an estimable knight. The lady anticipates Gawain to blandish her with regards of her beauty and goodness, because without a uncertainty person as good looking as Gawain can non assist but linger on ideas of adult females and idealized love all twenty-four hours and dark. However, she is greatly defeated and leaves bad, Now may the Giver of all good words these glad hours repay! But our invitee is non Gawain forgot is th at idea ( pg. 140, lines1292-1293 ) . In other words, since the hyped Gawain praised her on nil but her aˆÂ ¦courtesy and kindness of bosom ( pg. 140, line 1267 ) , it s impossible for him to be a expansive and an admirable knight but one that lacks the cognition of what is expected from a knight. The wit and sarcasm comes from Gawain s committedness to Courtly Love, from the outlooks that he, as a gallant knight of the Round Table, has an duty to prosecute in a hard dialect battle of love, in which sexual desires are converted into a linguistic communication of badgering with lone particular physical actions like snoging are made, which are the most simple urges sophisticated into wooing imposts. Humorously Gawain plays the opposing function of the opposite sex in the wooing, which is the place of being a refined, courted and seduced adult female. Though Sir Gawain has a label to populate up to, he besides has duties to his host Bertillon, necessitating Gawain to esteem his married woman, and that means he must non put to death unfaithfulness with her but besides that he must partake in the wooing-seduction game without dissing her. The refined affectedness of Gawain s place, non to advert the linguistic communication he has to utilize in order to manage the issue which is used in defence merely is of course screaming, because, in a manner, the incident is eccentric. This pathetic behaviour is the ground we see in the verse form an onslaught on courtly love, because it inquiries the knightly codification of award, which goes manus and manus together. To exceed it off the lady is strongly attractive to Gawain s being and what is expected out of him and is willing to be unpatriotic her spouse. He on the other manus is reacting by go oning the verbal costume the public expects him to transport out, while at the same clip undergoing a sense of Lady Bertillon s noteworthy desire. The clash is quiet amusing, but it s echt because Gawain s creed requires him to be coquettish, but refrain from anything more physical, in this instance kiping with another adult male s adult females. His bogus linguistic communication must conceal and keep his human impulses. So it s exciting to oppugn ourselves what we find amusing about this state of affairs that Sir Gawain is in, other than its quick paced human comedy. One obvious option is that we are amused at the pathetic sarcasm in the rules Gawain is working to populate up to, one being the courtly love he has to give attending to or the fact that Gawain s docile and relaxed behaviour does non travel together with a knight s robust organic structure and gracious behaviour which goes against a Knight s codification of award. This behaviour in bend insults the discouraged and unease lady. She asks him, Thatch by some items the trade of true love. How! Are you ingenuous, whom all work forces praise? Or make you hold me so dull, or deaf to such words? ( pg. 144, lines 1528-1529 ) . The lady begins to presume that possibly Gawain does nt happen her sufficiently appealing and that is the ground he is non wooing her with regards of beauty and aristocracy. Harmonizing to courtly love, a adult female an d a adult male must be every bit matched from position to looks, and for Gawain to decline to tribunal her merely means that she is non good plenty for him. After the 2nd twenty-four hours, the baffled lady confronts Gawain and enunciates, Who can be cold toward a animal so near by your side Unless you have a sweetie, one time you hold dearer, And commitment to that lady so loyally knit, that you will neer love another, as now I believe. ( pg. 150, lines 1780, 1782-1784 ) . Gawain s actions wholly puzzle the pathetic adult female because they go against everything she expects from gallant love. This can besides be seen as rather amusing because in other plants or literature the functions of wooing are switched where the adult male is prosecuting the adult female in a pleading mode to cognize whether her bosom lies in his custodies. One illustration to back up this statement is Chaucer s celebrated Miller s Tale where the naA?ve parish clerk named Absalom illusions Alison, the unfaithful carpenter s married woman. He sings to her every dark, purchases gifts for her and gives her money, but no help because Alison s bosom resides in anoth er s custodies. Additionally, Gawain performs another false feeling by being faineant at the palace. While the host, Bertillon, is out runing, Gawain dallied at place all twenty-four hours with the beloved ladies ( pg. , line 1560 ) , which farther shrinks the reader s outlooks of gallant love features from Gawain. One of the most of import moral duties of a knight, particularly an Arthurian knight, is to ever remain engaged and productive, executing brave accomplishments to turn out how expansive they are. Through Gawain s indolence, the unknown Gawain-poet is satirically suggesting that a label entirely is non tantamount to moral accomplishment ; one does non inherit the high honored character that people admire but is achieved. Just because Gawain Dons his flowery armour does non vouch traveling addresss of Platonic love. Regardless of the of import positions of applauded courtly love, the rules sardonically are non demonstrated and followed by the esteemed knights and just immature adult femal es. Correspondingly, a narrative that contains a huge sum of wit and sarcasm is The Wife of Bath s Tale. We discover in The Prologue that the Wife of Bath is really obstinate, unrestrained, and is often contending to advance adult female. She strongly believes that adult females have the right to make whatever they wish to make, and the churches and land which enforces Torahs on them to halt this is unfair. This is the foundation of the narrative. Chaucer provides a great perceptual experience on the regulations of high-class love through The Wife of Bath s Tale, in which a well-respected Arthurian knight rapes a immature adult female. This awful act wholly contrasts the actions of a baronial knight, deducing once more that morality is nt inherited like wealths or a family name. The dishonourable knight was taken so taken King Arthur, and the King wanted to reprobate him to decease for the unbearable offense that he committed. However, the Queen had different programs. She said told th e knight that his aˆÂ ¦life yet haste no suttee ( pg. 227, line 908. ) And that she would save thee life if thou canst stating me ( pg.227, line 910 ) : what do adult female most desire? She gave the knight one twelvemonth to happen the reply to this inquiry and sent him off. One twenty-four hours he came across an old lady and he urgently asked her whether she knew the reply to his life salvaging inquiry. She said she knew the reply, and she would give it to him if in he would in bend agree to get married her. He agreed, and she responded by giving him this reply: adult females desire to hold sovereignty over their hubbies. The terminal of this narrative besides brings up some challenging inquiries about the connexion between beauty and character. The knight gave the old lady his word that he would make one thing for her because she saved his life, but when she proposes matrimony, he rapidly objects offensively. My love, quod he. Nay, my dampnacioun ( damnation ) ! Allas, that any of my nacioun, Sholde evere so foule disparaged be ( pg. 230 lines 1073-1075 ) . Humorously enough the knight begins to take decease over get marrieding an old, low-born beldam. Consequently the knight made a promise, and aristocracy and keeping up to one s word together w ith courtly love. However, get marrieding the old hag and put on the lining his blood line is wholly in contradiction of the regulations of courtly love, because It is non proper to love one whom one would be ashamed to get married ( Capellanus, 12th Rule of Courtly Love ) . She recognized that he was bothered, and she asked him what he would prefer, an old and low or immature and independent lady. He kisses her, and as a consequence the adult female as if by magic turned immature and they lived merrily of all time after. The Wife of Bath concludes the narrative with this amusing lesson: Let the Son of God reward all adult females submissive hubbies who sexually satisfy their married womans ( pg. 234, lines 1264-166 ) . The Wife of Bath s Tale is humourous because it revolves around the storyteller s belief that adult female should hold sovereignty over work forces. Feminine issues are addressed in this narrative, as said power over males and in matrimony. The tale strongly resembles the narrative of the old princess and the frog narrative, where the beautiful princess kisses the unattractive frog and it turns into a beautiful prince, and they live merrily of all time after. The shutting of this narrative is really satirical because it ends up doing merriment of the stubborn, unrestrained and feminist Wife of Bath. She is ever screaking about how adult female should be independent from work forces, particularly if they have hubbies. However, in this narrative, the lady in the gets her independency, and continues to remain loyal to her spouse, and this overthrows the whole intent of the Wife of Bath s full instance. Although amusing and intriguing, both Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and The Wife of Bath s Tale serve a greater intent by disputing courtly love. Ever since the beginning of the fifth Century when the infatuation of the subject of love began, we as worlds have been given the false feeling and thought of courtly love ; that a breath taking goddess looking adult females or robust good groomed adult male will brush us off our pess and foster our whipping Black Marias. With that being said the Gawain-poet and Geoffrey Chaucer satirically show us that a label entirely is non tantamount to moral accomplishment ; one does non inherit the high honored character that people admire but is achieved and this in bend is the ground why most who seek love and attending from an idealised other find their outlooks unmet.